Haiti
(see also Haiti: Duvalier Regime, Haiti since 1986, Haitian American History, Life & Values & Dominican Republic)
Basics
On the Web: Articles
On the Web: Specialized Sites
In the Library: Articles
Aristide, Jean-Bertrand. "The parish of the poor," The Other Side (11-12/90):8-16.
Bastien, Rémy. "The role of the intellectural in Haitian plural society," in V. Rubin (ed.) Social & Cultural Pluralism in the Caribbean; Annals NY Academy of Sciences 83 (1960):843-49.
__________. "Haitian rural family organization," Social & Economic Studies 10,4 (12/61):478-510.
Bellegarde-Smith, Patrick. "Haitian social throught in the 19th c.: class formation & westernization," Caribbean Studies 18,3 (10/78).
Blassingame, John W. "The press & American intervention in Haiti & the DR, 1904-1920," Caribbean Studies 9 (1969):27-43.
Brown, Karen McCarthy. "Haiti policy exposes moral flip-flop," National Catholic Reporter (11/22/02):18.
Canham-Clyne, John. "Uncle Sam's blind eye," In These Times (2/22/93):6-8.
____________. "Haiti betrayed," Progressive (4/94):18-23.
____________. "Human rights a la USAID," Progressive (9/94):25-26.
____________. "Haiti to the Haitians?" Progressive (9/95):22-25.
____________ & Worth Cooley-Prost. "U.S. AID go home!" In These Times (1/8/96):23-25.
Casimir, Jean. "Aperçu sur la structure economique d'Haiti," América Latina 7,3 (1964):37-56.
__________. "Aperçu sur la structure sociale d'Haiti," America Latina 8,3 (1965):40-61.
Castor, Suzy. "La crisis del 29 y la instauración de un nuevo sistema de dominación-dependencia en Haiti," in P. González-Casanova (ed.) América Latina en los años 30 (México: UNAM, 1977), pp. 25-51.
__________. "El campesinado haitiano: su potencial revolucionario," in P. González Casanova (ed.) Historia política de los campesinos latinoamericanos (México, 19??), pp. 93-142.
__________. "Democracy & society in Haiti: structure of domination & resistance to change," Social Justice 19,4 (win 92):126-37.
Charles, Carole. "Haitian life in New York & the Haitian-American left," in P. Buhle & D. Georgakas (eds.) The Immigrant Left in the U.S. (Albany, 1996).
Comhaire, Jean. "The Haitian chef de section," American Anthropologist 57 (1955):620-23.
Comhaire-Sylvain, Suzanne. "Land tenure in the Marbial region of Haiti," in S. Tax (ed.) Acculturation in the Americas (Chicago: U. of Chicago, 1952), pp. 180-84.
__________ & Jean Comhaire. "Urban stratification in Haiti," Social & Economic Studies 8 (1959):179-89.
Cosentino, Donald. "Vodou Vatican: a prolegomena for understanding authority in a syncretic religion," Caribbean Quarterly 39,3-4 (1993):100-13.
Dartigue, Maurice. "Rural life & education in Haiti," Inter-American Quarterly (1941):30-38.
DeYoung, Maurice. "Class parameters in Haitian society," Journal of Inter-American Studies 1 (1959):449-58.
Douglas, Susan. "Handwringing over Haiti," Progressive (9/94):19.
Dupuy, Alex. "Class formation & underdevelopment in 19th-c. Haiti," Race & Class 24 (1982):17-32.
Erasmus, Charles. "Agricultural changes in Haiti: patterns of resistance & adaptatioon," Human Organization 2 (1952):20-26.
Ferguson, James. "Haiti: from dictatorship to dictatorship," Race & Class ? (10-12/88).
Fontaine, Pierre-Michel. "Language, society & development: dialectic of French & Creole use in Haiti," Latin American Perspectives 28 (win 81): 28-46.
Geniesse, Peter. "'Fr. Beans' educates in Haitian slum," National Catholic Reporter (1/25/95).
Gindine, Yvette. "Images of the American in Haitian literature during the occupation, 1915-1934," Caribbean Studies 14 (1974):37-52.
Hall, Robert B. "The societé Congo of the Ile à Gonaive," American Anthropologist 31 (1929):685-700. Farmers' mutual benefit society rooted in Vodoun.
Hector, Michel. "El movimiento obrero haitiano, 1932-1963," in P. González-Casanova (coord.) Historia del movimiento obrero latinoamericano, vol. I (México, l97?), pp. 184-252.
Houseal, Joseph. "Giving Vodou its due," In These Times (3 mar 1997).
Hurbon, Laennec. "Vodou: a faith for individual, family & community," Callaloo 15,3 (1992).
Ivy, J.W. "Wisdom of the Haitian peasant: some Haitian proverbs," Journal of Negro History (10/41):485-98.
Johnson, James Weldon. "Self-determining Haiti," Nation (1920). African-American journalist's commentary distributed by NAACP to dispel notion that first US occupation was motivated by humanitarianism. Focuses on enforcement of corvée labor & persecution of Caco resistence.
Lobb, John. "Caste & class in Haiti," American Journal of Sociology 46 (7/40).
Lobeck, E.M. "Haiti: a brief survey of its past & present agricultural problems," Journal of Geography 53 (1954). Useful for changes in population & land tenure during 19th c.
Logan, Rayford W. "Education in Haiti," Journal of Negro History 15 (1930):401-60.
__________. "The US colonial experiment in Haiti," World Today 17 (1961):435-46.
__________. "James Weldon Johnson in Haiti," Pylon (1971):396-402. Defense of Haiti during first US occupation, by distinguished African American journalist.
Martin, Tony. "Repression & resistance in West Indian history," Pan-African Journal 8,2 (sum 75). Focus on Haiti.
McAlmon, George. "So callous as a nation," Monthly Review 35,8 (1/84):30-35.
McLeod, Murdo J. "The Haitian novel of social protest," Journal of Inter-American Studies 4 (1962):207-21. Focus on Roumain & the Marcelins.
Métraux, Rhoda. "Some aspects of hierarchical structure in Haiti," Proceedings of the International Congress of Americanists 29,2 (1952):185-94.
Mintz, Sidney. "The case of Haiti," chap. 10 of his Caribbean Transformations (Chicago, 1974), pp. 267-301. Revised version of his introduction to 1966 ed. of Leyburn, Haitian People.
Moberg, David. "Backing the bad guys," In These Times (7/26/93):8-10.
Mora Pons, Frank. "Haiti & Santo Domingo, 1790-1870," in L. Bethell (ed.) Cambridge History of Latin America, vol. 3 (Cambridge, 19??), pp. 237-75. Vital for understanding long-standing enmity between the two countries.
Munro, Dana G. "The American withdrawal from Haiti, 1929-1934," Hispanic American Historical Review 49 (1968):1-26.
Nairn, Allan. "Behind Haiti's paramilitaries," Nation (10/24/94):458-462.
Nicholls, David G. "Politics & religion in Haiti," Canadian Journal of Political Science 2,3 (sep 1970):400-14.
__________. "Biology & politics in Haiti," Race 13 (1971-72):203-14.
__________. "Ideology & political protest in Haiti, 1930-46," Journal of Contemporary History 9,4 (10/74):3-26.
__________. "Haiti: c. 1870-1930," in L. Bethell (ed.) Cambridge History of Latin America, vol. 5.
Parenton, Vernon & Roland Wingfield. "Class structure & class conflict in Haitian society," Social Forces (3/65):338-47.
Pierre-Charles, Gérard. "Génbesis de las sociedades antillanas: la dominación externa como molde histórico," Caribbean Monthly Bulletin 3,4-5 (4-5/74).
__________. "Haití: la crisis ininterrumpida (1930-1975)," in P. González-Casanova (ed.) América Latina: Historia de medio siglo (México, 1977), pp. 174-222.
__________. "Jacques roumain y la realidad haitiana," El Caribe Contemporáneo 6 (6/82).
Salgado, J.M. "Haiti," in Catholic Encyclopedia, vol. 6 (Washington, 1967), pp. 899-901.
Simpson, George E. "Haitian peasant economy," Journal of Negro History (10/40):498-519.
__________. "Haiti's social structure," American Sociological Review 6 (1941):640-49.
__________ & J.P. Cineas. "Folk tales of Haitian heroes," Journal of American Folklore 54 (1941):176-85.
__________. "Haitian politics," Social Forces 20 (1942):487-91.
__________. "Sexual & familial institutions in northern Haiti," American Anthropologist 44 (1942):655-.
Swift, Richard. "NI Interview: Camille Chalmers," New Internationalists (11/96):31.
Regan, Jane. "Haiti on the brink," Progressive (9/94):20-24.
Spector, Robert M. "W. Cameron Forbes in Haiti: additional light on the genesis of the 'Good Neighbor Policy'," Caribbean Studies 6,2 (1966).
Steif, William. "Revenge of the Tonton Macoute," Progressive (5/93):29-32.
Weatherly, Ulysses B. "Haiti: an experiment in pragmatism," American Journal of Sociology 32,3 (11/26):353-66. Good source for US attitudes toward Haiti during first occupation.
Wirpsa, Leslie. "Religious groups say Haiti still dangerous," National Catholic Reporter (1/25/95).
In the Library: Non-Fiction Books
Bastien, Rémy. La familia rural haitiana: Valle de Marbial (México: Libra, 1951). Valuable study of rural social history since Independence, land tenure & decreasing role of the laku.
Bellegarde-Smith, Patrick. Race, Class & Ideology: Haitian Ideologies for Underdevelopment, 1806-1934 (NY: American Institute for Marxist Studies, 1982).
__________. In the Shadow of the Powers: Dantès Bellegarde in Haitian Social Thought (Atlantic Highlands NJ: Humanities, 1985).
__________. Haiti. The Breached Citadel (Boulder, 1989). History since 1804.
Brodwin, Paul. Medicine & Morality in Haiti. The Context of Healing Power (Cambridge, 1996).
Brown, Karen McCarthy. Mama Lola. A Vodou Priestess in Brooklyn (Berkeley, 1992).
Cadet, Robert. Restavec. From Haitian Slave Child to Middle-Class American. An Autobiography (Austin, 1998).
Calixte, Col. Démosthènes Pétrus. Haiti: The Calvary of a Soldier (NY, 1939). Memoir of commander of US-established Garde d'Haiti, exiled by Pres. Vincent.
Casimir, Jean. La cultura oprimida (México: Nueva Imagen, 1980).
Castor, Suzy. La ocupación norteamericana de Haiti y sus consecuencias, 1915-1934 (México: Siglo XXI, 1971).
__________. Origines de la structure agraire en Haïti (Port-au-Prince: Centre de Recherche et de Formation Economique et Sociale pour le Développement, 1987).
__________. Migraciones y relaciones internacionales (el caso haitiano-dominicano) (Santo Domingo: Editora Universitaria, 1987).
Chancy, Myriam J.A. Framing Silence: Revolutionary Novels by Haitian Women (Piscataway NJ, 199?).
Christensen, Eleanor I. The Art of Haiti (South Brunswick NJ, 1974).
Courlander, Harold. Haiti Singing (Chapel Hill: U. of North Carolina, 1939).
__________. The Hoe & the Drum: Life & Lore of the Haitian People (Berkeley: U. of California, 1960).
__________ & Rémy Bastien (eds.) Religion & Politics in Haiti (Washington, 1966).
Davis, H.P. Black Democracy: The Story of Haiti (NY, 1928). Popular history of events leading up to (& justifying) first US occupation.
Dayan, Joan. Haiti, History & the Gods (Berkeley: U. of California, 1995).
Desmangles, Leslie G. The Faces of the Gods: Vodou & Roman Catholicism in Haiti (Chapel Hill: U. of North Carolina, 1992).
DeYoung, Maurice. Man & Land in the Haitian Economy (Gainesville: U. of Florida, 1958). Very useful historical & economic geography. Rural economy both horticultural & market-oriented.
Dupuy, Alex. Haiti in the World Economy: Clase, Race & Underdevelopment since 1700 (Boulder: Westview, 1988).
Fass, Simon M. Political Economy in Haiti. The Drama of Survival (New Brunswick NJ: Rutgers, 1990).
Fleischmann, Ulrich. Ideologie und Wirklichkeit in der Literatur Haitis (Berlin, 1969).
García-Zamor, Jean-Claude. La administración pública en Haiti (Guatemala, 1966). Pioneering study of the subject before & during Duvalier regime.
Greene, Anne. The Catholic Church in Haiti: Political & Social Change (East Lansing: Michigan State U., 1993).
Heinl, Robert D. Jr. & Nancy Gordon Heinl (eds.) Written in Blood: The Story of the Haitian People, 1492-1971 (Boston, 1978).
Herskovits, Melville J. Life in a Haitian Valley (NY, 1937). Excellent "acculturation" study of Mirebalais in 1934.
Holly, Marc A. Agriculture in Haiti: With Special Reference to Rural Economy & Agricultural Education (NY, 1955).
Laguerre, Michel S. Voodoo & Politics in Haiti (NY, 1989).
__________. The Military & Society in Haiti (Knoxville: U. Tennessee, 1993).
Levilain, Guy Viet. Cultural Identity, Negritude & Decolonization: The Haitian Situation in the Light of the Socialist Humanism of Jacques Roumain & René Depestre (NY, 1978).
Leyburn, James G. The Haitian People (New Haven: Yale, 1941). Magnificent, still-useful survey of social history in 19th & early 20th C.
Logan, Rayford. The Diplomatic Relations of the US with Haiti, 1776-1891 (Chapel Hill: U. of North Carolina, 1941). Shocking story, vital for understanding US-Haitian relations in 20th c.
__________. Haiti & the Dominican Republic (NY: Oxford, 1968). Useful comparison.
Martínez, Samuel. Peripheral Migrants: Haitians & Dominican Sugar Plantations (Knoxville: U. of Tennessee, 1995).
Métraux, Alfred. Making a Living in the Marbial Valley (Haiti) (Pars: UNESCO, 1951).
__________. Voodoo in Haiti (NY: Oxford, 1960).
Millspaugh, Arthur C. Haiti under American Control, 1915-1930 (Boston, 1931). Detailed but uncritical administrative history of the occupation.
Mintz, Sidney. Working Papers in Haitian Society & Culture (New Haven: Yale, 1975).
Moore, O. Ernest. Haiti. Its Shackled Society & Stagnant Economy, a Survey (NY, 1972).
Murphy, Joseph. Working the Spirit. Ceremonies of the African Diaspora (Boston, 1994).
Nicholls, David. From Dessalines to Duvalier: Race, Colour & National Independence in Haiti (NY: Cambridge, 1979).
__________. Haiti in Caribbean Context: Ethnicity, Economy & Revolt (NY, 1985).
Pattee, Richard. Haiti: pueblo afro-antillano (Madrid, 1956).
Petit-Homme, Fracilus SMM. L'église dans le combat du peuple haitien pur la survie (Port-au-Prince, 1986).
Petit-Monsieur, Lamartine. La coexistence des types religieux différents dans l'Haïtien contemporain (Immensee, 1992).
Plummer, Brenda G. Haiti & the Great Powers, 1902-1915 (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State U., 1988).
Price-Mars, Jean. Ainsi parla l'oncle (So Spoke the Uncle) (Port-au-Prince, 1928; English trans. Magdaline Shannon; Washington, 1983). Pioneer work of Haitian ethnology, & of elite interest in folklore & peasant problems.
Renda, Mary A. Taking Haiti: Military Occupation & Culture of U.S. Imperialism (Chapel Hill: U. North Carolina, 2002).
Robert, Paul. Catholicisme et Vaudou (Cuernavaca: CIDOC, 1971).
Rodman, Selden. Renaissance in Haiti: Popular Painters in the Black Republic (NY, 1948).
__________. Haiti: The Black Republic. Complete Story & Guide [1954] (rev. ed. NY, 1961). Remarkably detailed & culturally sensitive tourist guidebook to the pre-Duvalier era.
__________. The Miracle of Haitian Art (NY, 1974).
Schmidt, Hans. The US Occupation of Haiti, 1915-1934 (New Brunswick NJ: Rutgers, 1971).
Shannon, Magdaline W. Jean Price-Mars, the Haitian elite & the American Occupation, 1915-1935 (NY, 1997).
Steger, Hanns-Albert. El trasfondo revolucionario del sincretismo criollo (Cuernavaca: CIDOC, 1972). Compares Afro-American religious ideologies in Cuba, Brazil, US & Haiti.
Thompson, Robert Farris. Flash of the Spirit: African & African American Art & Philosophy (NY, 1983).
Trouillot, Michel-Rolph. Haiti: State against Nation: The Origins & Legacy of Duvalierism (NY: Monthly Review, 1990).
Wood, Harold A. Northern Haiti: Land Use & Settlement (Toronto, 1963).
Wucker, Michele. Why the Cocks Fight: Dominicans, Haitians & the Struggle for Hispaniola (NY, 1998).
In the Library: Fiction
Alexis, Jacques Stephen. General Sun, My Brother (Compère General Soleil) [1955] (trans. Carroll F. Coates; Charlottesville: U. Virginia, 1999). Trujillo's massacre of Haitian canecutters in the Dominican Republic in 1937.
__________. In the Flicker of An Eyelid (L'espace d'un cillement) [1959] (trans. Carroll F. Coates & Edwidge Danticat; Charlottesville : U. Virginia, 2002). Prostitute's story of first US occupation.
Clitandre, Pierre. Cathedral of the August Heat (NY, 1987).
Danticat, Edwige. Breath, Eyes, Memory (NY: Soho, 1994).
__________. Krik? Krak! (NY: Soho, 1995).
__________. The Farming of Bones: A Novel (NY: Soho, 1998). Haitians in Dominican Republic in the era of Trujillo's massacre.
Desquiron, Lilas. Reflections of Loko Miwa (Charlottesville: U. Virginia, 1998).
Dohrman, Richard. The Cross of Baron Samedi (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1958).
LaFerrière, Dany. Dining with the Dictator (Toronto: Coach House, 1994).
Lespès. Anthony. Les semences de la colère: roman (Port-au-Prince: Fardin, 1983). Repatriation of survivors of Trujillo's massacre of Haitian cane-cutters in 1937, with good picture of agrarian situation before Duvalier, by chairman (in 1940s) of communist Parti Socialiste Populaire.
Roumain, Jacques. Masters of the Dew (Gouverneurs de la rosée) [1946] (NY:Reynal & Hitchcock, 1947). Rural society & government in the 1930's.
Taft, E. A Puritan in Voodoo Land (NY, 1938).
Thoby-Marcelin, Phillippe & Pierre Marcelin. All Men Are Mad (NY, 1970).
__________. The Pencil of God (NY, 1951).
__________. Canapé Vert (NY, 1944).
__________. The Beast of the Haitian Hills (NY, 1946).
Vinogradov, Anatoli. The Black Consul (trans. Emile Burns; NY, 1935).
In the Library: For Young Readers
Wolkstein, Diane. (NY, 1978).
In the Library: Poetry
Depestre, René. A Rainbow for the Christian West (LA, 1972).
Roumain, Jacques. Ebony Wood/Bois d'ebene. Poems (trans. Sidney Shapiro; NY: Interworld, 1972).
__________. When the Tom-Tom Beats: Selected Prose & Poems (trans. Joanne Fungaroli & Ronald Sauer; Washington: Azul, 1995).
In the Library: Drama
In the Library: Photography
CD & Audio
Boukman Esperyans. Kalfou Danjere [1993] (Mango 162-539 927-2 CD).
__________. Révolution [1998] (Virgin CD 8455762).
Film & Video
"The Disappearance of TiSoeur: Haiti after Duvalier" [1997], dir.?, 52m. From Cinema Guild. Chronicles events in Haiti for the collapse of the Duvalier regime through the September 1991 military coup and subsequient events.
"Haiti: Harvest of Hope" [200?], dir. Kevin Pina, 57m.
"Haiti: Killing the Dream" [1992], dir. Katharine Kean & Rudi Stern,
"Lafanmi Selavi" [2000], dir.?, 60m. From Cinema Guild. Childrens recount on how they were abandoned, their struggle to live on the streets na dtheir new lives at a children's center established by former President Jean-Bertrand Aristide.
"This Other Haiti" [1993], dir. David Korb, 58m. From Cinema Guild.
Portrays Haitian peasants' struggles for social reform.
"Voodoo & the Church in Haiti," dir. Bob Richards. 60 min. Nine
Morning Productions. 199?.
"Voyage of Dreams" [1983], dir.?, 30m. From Cinema Guild. Tells the story of the Haitian boat people and the political and economic reasons for their exile.